METHODOLOGY FOR ELECTROSTATIC HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT MULTI PRODUCT FACILITY
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a critical ignition source for combustible substances and flammable liquids. Effective safety measures require a thorough understanding and assessment of electrostatic charge. Preventing static charge separation is challenging because its origin is often at the interface of materials. Static electric charge builds up when the rate of charge separation exceeds the rate of charge recombination. While charge separation alone may not pose a fire or explosion hazard, the risk arises during discharge or sudden recombination of these charges, potentially causing ignition. In static electric phenomena, charges are typically separated by resistive barriers such as air gaps or insulation between conductors, or by the insulating properties of the materials being handled or processed. Sparks commonly occur between conductors and insulators. The human body, a proficient electrical conductor, has been involved in many static electric discharge incidents. Sparks from ungrounded charged conductors, including the human body, are primary causes of fires and explosions ignited by static electricity. Conducting an on-site evaluation or survey of the process is crucial to identify any ungrounded conductive objects, including personnel, and materials that could act as electrical insulators, interfering with proper bonding and grounding. This survey should identify locations that might pose a static electricity hazard, even if charge accumulation is not evident at the time of evaluation.
METHODOLOGY FOR LOPA STUDY
The LOPA (Quantitative Technique) is based on establishing a tolerable frequency for each consequence resulting from an impact event. LOPA is a simplified form of risk assessment. LOPA typically uses order of magnitude categories for initiating event frequency, consequence severity, and the likelihood of failure of independent protection layers (IPLs) to approximate the risk of a scenario.
METHODOLOGY FOR VENT DISPERSION ANALYSIS STUDY
Vent is used for safe disposal of the vented gases to the atmosphere. Flammable or toxic gases are released from the vent. To ensure that the hazards of venting these gases are tolerable for the people near the site, a quantitative hazard analysis of gas venting is often required. The Dispersion study is carried to estimate and identify the quantity of material release from the vents to atmosphere, potential hazards and its effects, occurrence of hazards during the process.
FAQ-FIRE WATER SYSTEM ADEQUACY (FWSAS) STUDY
Fire Water Adequacy Study is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behavior, compartmentalization, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. The owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in accordance with a design-basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building and fire code, which are enforced by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HAZID)
HAZID (Hazard Identification) is a technique for early identification of potential hazards and threats from a project, plant, or a plant modification. It is therefore likely to be the first formal HSE-related study for any new project. The major benefit of HAZID is that early identification and assessment of the critical HSE hazards provides essential input to project development decisions. This will lead to safer and more cost-effective design options being adopted with a minimum cost of change penalty.
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