METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION (IEC)
The purpose of the Hazardous Area Classification study is to determine the extent of the hazardous areas around equipment handling or storing flammable fluids, combustible fluids and combustible dusts, both liquid and vapors in terms of Zone 0/20, Zone 1/21, Zone 2/22 The aim of hazardous area classification is to avoid ignition of those releases that may occur from time to time in the operation of facilities handling flammable liquids and vapors. The approach is to reduce to an acceptable minimum level the probability of coincidence of a flammable atmosphere and an electrical or other source of ignition occurring. In Hazardous Area Classification the extent of the hazardous areas around equipment handling or storing flammable fluids, both liquid and vapors is determined in terms of Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2. The hazardous area classification around the equipment handling flammable/explosive dust is determined in terms of Zone 20, Zone 21, and Zone 22.
METHODOLOGY FOR HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION-NFPA
The purpose of the Hazardous Area Classification study is to determine the extent of the hazardous areas around equipment handling or storing flammable fluids, combustible fluids and combustible dusts, both liquid and vapors in terms of Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2 and Division 1 and Division 2
METHODOLOGY FOR F&G
This involves collecting data and identifying scenarios through detailed review of project documents such as Process Flow Diagrams (PFD), Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID), and Plot Plans. It also includes identifying hazardous materials present in the project facility. This step involves conducting assessments to determine the dispersion of flammable gas (at 25% LFL and 50% LFL), fire scenarios (jet/pool fire), radiation distances (12.5 kW/m²), and toxic distances (10 ppm and 20 ppm). The specific assessment criteria will be finalized in agreement with the client. In line with the existing Fire and Gas (F&G) zones, an F&G mapping study will be conducted.
METHODOLOGY FOR ELECTROSTATIC HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT MULTI PRODUCT FACILITY
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a critical ignition source for combustible substances and flammable liquids. Effective safety measures require a thorough understanding and assessment of electrostatic charge. Preventing static charge separation is challenging because its origin is often at the interface of materials. Static electric charge builds up when the rate of charge separation exceeds the rate of charge recombination. While charge separation alone may not pose a fire or explosion hazard, the risk arises during discharge or sudden recombination of these charges, potentially causing ignition. In static electric phenomena, charges are typically separated by resistive barriers such as air gaps or insulation between conductors, or by the insulating properties of the materials being handled or processed. Sparks commonly occur between conductors and insulators. The human body, a proficient electrical conductor, has been involved in many static electric discharge incidents. Sparks from ungrounded charged conductors, including the human body, are primary causes of fires and explosions ignited by static electricity. Conducting an on-site evaluation or survey of the process is crucial to identify any ungrounded conductive objects, including personnel, and materials that could act as electrical insulators, interfering with proper bonding and grounding. This survey should identify locations that might pose a static electricity hazard, even if charge accumulation is not evident at the time of evaluation.
METHODOLOGY FOR LOPA STUDY
The LOPA (Quantitative Technique) is based on establishing a tolerable frequency for each consequence resulting from an impact event. LOPA is a simplified form of risk assessment. LOPA typically uses order of magnitude categories for initiating event frequency, consequence severity, and the likelihood of failure of independent protection layers (IPLs) to approximate the risk of a scenario.
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